Welding 101
What Do the Numbers on Stick Electrodes Mean? E6010, E6011, E6013 & E7018
Stick welding electrodes come with different classifications, and numbers such as E6010, E6011, E6013, and E7018 are commonly seen on welding rods. These numbers are not simply product names. They provide information about how the electrode is designed to perform, including weld strength, welding position capability, and coating characteristics.
For beginners, these classifications can seem confusing at first. Understanding stick electrode numbers helps explain why different rods perform differently during welding and makes it easier to choose the right rod for the job.
Photo by @sheetmetalsamurai (TikTok)
What Do Stick Electrode Numbers Mean?
Stick electrode numbers are part of the AWS electrode classification system. They provide key information about a welding rod, including weld metal tensile strength, welding position capability, and coating/current characteristics.
For example, the classification E6010 can be read one part at a time.
| Part of Classification | Meaning |
|---|---|
| E | Covered electrode |
| First two digits | Minimum tensile strength, in thousands of PSI |
| Third digit | Welding position |
| Last digit | Coating type and current characteristics |
The classification number provides a useful starting point, but it does not determine the final weld result by itself. The base metal, joint design, welding position, power source, and welding conditions also affect performance.
Example: Understanding E6010
The classification E6010 can be broken down as:
- E = Covered electrode
- 60 = 60,000 PSI minimum tensile strength
- 1 = All-position welding capability
- 0 = Coating type and current characteristics
The last digit is especially important because the coating type and current characteristics affect arc behavior and welding performance.
The same classification system applies to other common electrodes, but differences in coating and arc characteristics are what make E6010, E6011, E6013, and E7018 perform differently during welding.
Common Stick Electrode Types Explained
Different stick electrodes use different coating systems and produce different arc characteristics. While their classification numbers provide basic information, the real difference comes from how each electrode performs during welding.
| Electrode | Main Characteristics | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|
| E6010 | Deep penetration, fast-freezing slag, strong arc | Pipe welding and root passes |
| E6011 | Deep penetration with AC/DC flexibility | Repair and maintenance work |
| E6013 | Smooth arc, easier control, lighter penetration | Light fabrication and beginner welding |
| E7018 | Low-hydrogen coating, strong and reliable welds | Structural welding and heavy fabrication |
E6010 Electrodes
E6010 is a deep-penetration, fast-freezing stick electrode. It is commonly used for pipe welding, root passes, and field work, especially when deep penetration and weld control are important.
Its strong arc force helps the electrode dig into the base metal, while the fast-freezing slag helps welders control the weld pool when welding in different positions.
E6010 is typically associated with DC power sources and is often selected when penetration is more important than bead appearance. This makes it useful for demanding applications where a strong root weld is required.
Compared with smoother-running electrodes, E6010 has a more aggressive arc. It can produce excellent penetration, but it also requires more welder control.
E6011 Electrodes
E6011 is a deep-penetration electrode similar to E6010. Its ability to run on AC power makes it a flexible choice for repair and general welding.
E6011 provides strong penetration and all-position capability while working with both AC and DC power sources. This makes it practical for welders using basic AC stick machines or working in locations where equipment options are limited.
Compared with E6010, the main advantage of E6011 is flexibility. It is often used for maintenance work, field repairs, and general fabrication where reliable performance is needed without requiring a specific DC setup.
Stick Welding with 6011 Electrodes
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pppmK1W97KY
E6013 Electrodes
E6013 is a smooth-running stick electrode with easier arc control and lighter penetration. It is commonly used for light fabrication, general repairs, and beginner welding.
Unlike E6010 and E6011, which are chosen for stronger penetration, E6013 focuses more on ease of use and weld appearance. Its softer arc characteristics make it easier to control the weld pool and produce a smoother bead.
This makes E6013 a common choice for general-purpose welding where extreme penetration is not required. Beginners may also find it easier to manage because the arc is more forgiving.
E7018 Electrodes
E7018 is a low-hydrogen stick electrode used for strong, reliable welds in structural welding and heavy fabrication.
The “70” in E7018 indicates a 70,000 PSI minimum tensile strength classification for the deposited weld metal.
Unlike E6010 and E6011, which are often selected for penetration and versatility, E7018 is chosen when weld strength, reliability, and reduced risk of hydrogen-related weld defects are important.
As a low-hydrogen electrode, E7018 requires more attention to storage and handling than many general-purpose electrodes. Moisture absorption can affect weld quality, so proper storage is important when using this type of electrode.
How to Choose the Right Stick Electrode for the Job
Understanding electrode classifications makes it easier to compare different rods, but the best choice depends on the welding situation. Consider the material, power source, welding position, joint requirements, and required weld performance before selecting an electrode.
| Welding Situation | Common Choice |
|---|---|
| Need deep penetration for root passes | E6010 or E6011 |
| Using an AC stick welder | E6011, E6013, or AC-rated E7018 |
| Welding thinner materials or general fabrication | E6013 |
| Need strong structural welds | E7018 |
| Need low-hydrogen weld characteristics | E7018 |
The same electrode may perform differently depending on the welding conditions. For example, E6011 may be a better choice than E6010 when AC compatibility is required, while E7018 may be preferred when weld strength and low-hydrogen characteristics are more important.
For more detailed guidance on selecting electrodes based on welding applications, see our guide on How to Choose the Right Stick Electrode.
What Should You Check Before Using a Stick Electrode?
Choosing the right electrode is only part of the process. Before welding, check the electrode condition, welding machine settings, and joint requirements to help achieve consistent results.
Electrode Storage
Some stick electrodes are more sensitive to moisture than others. Low-hydrogen electrodes such as E7018 can absorb moisture from the environment, which may increase the risk of weld defects.
Proper storage and handling help maintain electrode performance, especially for electrodes that require moisture control.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIAeiJl2kJ0
Power Source Compatibility
Different electrodes require different current types and polarity settings.
For example, E6010 is commonly used with DC power sources, while E6011 offers more flexibility because it can operate on both AC and DC. Some E7018 electrodes are also rated for AC use, but welders should always check the electrode specifications before welding.
Welding Position
Electrode classification also indicates welding position capability. Choosing an electrode that matches the required position can make welding easier and improve weld consistency.
For example, all-position electrodes can be used for flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead welding, but they still require the right technique.
Base Metal and Joint Conditions
The electrode classification does not replace proper preparation. Base metal type, surface condition, joint design, and accessibility all affect the final weld result.
A suitable electrode may still produce poor results if the material is contaminated, the joint is poorly prepared, or the welding conditions are not appropriate.
TIG Welding on Rusty Metal
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tx0MsxrXzhQ
Final Thoughts
Stick electrode numbers provide a simple way to compare different welding rods before starting a project. Knowing the differences between common classifications like E6010, E6011, E6013, and E7018 helps welders make better electrode choices.
The classification number is an important starting point. Choosing the right electrode also requires considering the power source, material, welding position, and project requirements. Matching the electrode to the job can help produce more consistent weld results.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What do the numbers on a stick electrode mean?
The numbers on a stick electrode identify key information about the electrode, including weld metal tensile strength, welding position capability, and coating/current characteristics.
For example, E7018 indicates a 70,000 PSI minimum tensile strength classification and a low-hydrogen electrode coating.
2. What does the 70 mean in E7018?
The “70” in E7018 indicates a 70,000 PSI minimum tensile strength classification for the deposited weld metal.
3. What is the difference between E6010 and E7018?
E6010 is a deep-penetration electrode commonly used for pipe welding, root passes, and field work. E7018 is a low-hydrogen electrode selected for strong, reliable welds in structural welding and heavy fabrication.
4. What is the difference between E6011 and E6013?
E6011 provides deep penetration with AC/DC flexibility, making it useful for repair and general welding. E6013 produces a smoother arc with easier control and lighter penetration, making it a common choice for light fabrication and beginner welding.
5. What is the easiest stick electrode for beginners?
E6013 is often considered one of the easiest stick electrodes for beginners because it provides easier arc control and a more forgiving welding experience.
6. Can you use E7018 on AC?
Some E7018 electrodes are designed for AC use, while others are intended for DC applications. Always check the electrode specifications before using E7018 with an AC stick welder.
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